Structural models of human ACE2 variants with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for structure-based drug design.
Identifieur interne : 000263 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000262; suivant : 000264Structural models of human ACE2 variants with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for structure-based drug design.
Auteurs : Marija Sorokina [Allemagne, Suisse] ; João M C Teixeira [Canada] ; Susana Barrera-Vilarmau [Espagne] ; Reinhard Paschke [Allemagne] ; Ioannis Papasotiriou [Suisse] ; João P G L M. Rodrigues [États-Unis] ; Panagiotis L. Kastritis [Allemagne]Source :
- Scientific data [ 2052-4463 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Conception de médicament (MeSH), Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (composition chimique), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (MeSH), Liaison aux protéines (MeSH), Modèles moléculaires (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (composition chimique), Pneumopathie virale (MeSH), Récepteurs viraux (composition chimique), Sites de fixation (MeSH), Structure tertiaire des protéines (MeSH).
- MESH :
- composition chimique : Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Récepteurs viraux.
- Betacoronavirus, Conception de médicament, Humains, Infections à coronavirus, Liaison aux protéines, Modèles moléculaires, Pandémies, Pneumopathie virale, Sites de fixation, Structure tertiaire des protéines.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Binding Sites (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (MeSH), Drug Design (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Models, Molecular (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (chemistry), Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH), Protein Binding (MeSH), Protein Structure, Tertiary (MeSH), Receptors, Virus (chemistry), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (chemistry).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Receptors, Virus, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus.
- chemical : Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.
- Betacoronavirus, Binding Sites, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Drug Design, Humans, Models, Molecular, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Protein Binding, Protein Structure, Tertiary, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
Emergence of coronaviruses poses a threat to global health and economy. The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 28,000,000 people and killed more than 915,000. To date, there is no treatment for coronavirus infections, making the development of therapies to prevent future epidemics of paramount importance. To this end, we collected information regarding naturally-occurring variants of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an epithelial receptor that both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use to enter the host cells. We built 242 structural models of variants of human ACE2 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) and refined their interfaces with HADDOCK. Our dataset includes 140 variants of human ACE2 representing missense mutations found in genome-wide studies, 39 mutants with reported effects on the recognition of the RBD, and 63 predictions after computational alanine scanning mutagenesis of ACE2-RBD interface residues. This dataset will help accelerate the design of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, as well as contribute to prevention of possible future coronaviruses outbreaks.
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00652-6
PubMed: 32938937
PubMed Central: PMC7494880
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Canada, Espagne, Suisse, États-Unis
- Californie, Catalogne
- Barcelone, Stanford (Californie)
- Université Stanford
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M C Teixeira, Joao" sort="M C Teixeira, Joao" uniqKey="M C Teixeira J" first="João" last="M C Teixeira">João M C Teixeira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>M5G 0A4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrera Vilarmau, Susana" sort="Barrera Vilarmau, Susana" uniqKey="Barrera Vilarmau S" first="Susana" last="Barrera-Vilarmau">Susana Barrera-Vilarmau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paschke, Reinhard" sort="Paschke, Reinhard" uniqKey="Paschke R" first="Reinhard" last="Paschke">Reinhard Paschke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>BioSolutions GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>BioSolutions GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papasotiriou, Ioannis" sort="Papasotiriou, Ioannis" uniqKey="Papasotiriou I" first="Ioannis" last="Papasotiriou">Ioannis Papasotiriou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>RGCC International GmbH, Baarerstrasse 95, Zug, 6300, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>RGCC International GmbH, Baarerstrasse 95, Zug, 6300</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6300</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Joao P G L M" sort="Rodrigues, Joao P G L M" uniqKey="Rodrigues J" first="João P G L M" last="Rodrigues">João P G L M. Rodrigues</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Stanford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Stanford (Californie)</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kastritis, Panagiotis L" sort="Kastritis, Panagiotis L" uniqKey="Kastritis P" first="Panagiotis L" last="Kastritis">Panagiotis L. Kastritis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. panagiotis.kastritis@bct.uni-halle.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. panagiotis.kastritis@bct.uni-halle.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. panagiotis.kastritis@bct.uni-halle.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120, Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Halle/Saale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific data</title><idno type="eISSN">2052-4463</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Binding Sites (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (MeSH)</term><term>Drug Design (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Models, Molecular (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (chemistry)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>Protein Binding (MeSH)</term><term>Protein Structure, Tertiary (MeSH)</term><term>Receptors, Virus (chemistry)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (chemistry)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Conception de médicament (MeSH)</term><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (composition chimique)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Liaison aux protéines (MeSH)</term><term>Modèles moléculaires (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (composition chimique)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (MeSH)</term><term>Récepteurs viraux (composition chimique)</term><term>Sites de fixation (MeSH)</term><term>Structure tertiaire des protéines (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term><term>Receptors, Virus</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term><term>Récepteurs viraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Binding Sites</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Drug Design</term><term>Humans</term><term>Models, Molecular</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Protein Binding</term><term>Protein Structure, Tertiary</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Conception de médicament</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Liaison aux protéines</term><term>Modèles moléculaires</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Sites de fixation</term><term>Structure tertiaire des protéines</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Emergence of coronaviruses poses a threat to global health and economy. The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 28,000,000 people and killed more than 915,000. To date, there is no treatment for coronavirus infections, making the development of therapies to prevent future epidemics of paramount importance. To this end, we collected information regarding naturally-occurring variants of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an epithelial receptor that both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use to enter the host cells. We built 242 structural models of variants of human ACE2 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) and refined their interfaces with HADDOCK. Our dataset includes 140 variants of human ACE2 representing missense mutations found in genome-wide studies, 39 mutants with reported effects on the recognition of the RBD, and 63 predictions after computational alanine scanning mutagenesis of ACE2-RBD interface residues. This dataset will help accelerate the design of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, as well as contribute to prevention of possible future coronaviruses outbreaks.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32938937</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2052-4463</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>7</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Scientific data</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Data</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Structural models of human ACE2 variants with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for structure-based drug design.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>309</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41597-020-00652-6</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Emergence of coronaviruses poses a threat to global health and economy. The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 28,000,000 people and killed more than 915,000. To date, there is no treatment for coronavirus infections, making the development of therapies to prevent future epidemics of paramount importance. To this end, we collected information regarding naturally-occurring variants of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an epithelial receptor that both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use to enter the host cells. We built 242 structural models of variants of human ACE2 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) and refined their interfaces with HADDOCK. Our dataset includes 140 variants of human ACE2 representing missense mutations found in genome-wide studies, 39 mutants with reported effects on the recognition of the RBD, and 63 predictions after computational alanine scanning mutagenesis of ACE2-RBD interface residues. This dataset will help accelerate the design of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, as well as contribute to prevention of possible future coronaviruses outbreaks.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sorokina</LastName><ForeName>Marija</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0195-0094</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>RGCC International GmbH, Baarerstrasse 95, Zug, 6300, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>BioSolutions GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>M C Teixeira</LastName><ForeName>João</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9113-0622</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barrera-Vilarmau</LastName><ForeName>Susana</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4868-6593</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paschke</LastName><ForeName>Reinhard</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7937-9396</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>BioSolutions GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Papasotiriou</LastName><ForeName>Ioannis</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6145-946X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>RGCC International GmbH, Baarerstrasse 95, Zug, 6300, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodrigues</LastName><ForeName>João P G L M</ForeName><Initials>JPGLM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9796-3193</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kastritis</LastName><ForeName>Panagiotis L</ForeName><Initials>PL</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1463-8422</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. panagiotis.kastritis@bct.uni-halle.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. panagiotis.kastritis@bct.uni-halle.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. panagiotis.kastritis@bct.uni-halle.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D064886">Dataset</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Data</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101640192</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2052-4463</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D011991">Receptors, Virus</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D064370">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C000657845">spike protein, SARS-CoV-2</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.15.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007703">Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.17.23</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C000705307">ACE2 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.17.23</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000085962">Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000085962" MajorTopicYN="N">Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001665" MajorTopicYN="N">Binding Sites</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015195" MajorTopicYN="Y">Drug Design</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008958" MajorTopicYN="N">Models, Molecular</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007703" MajorTopicYN="N">Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011485" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Binding</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017434" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Structure, Tertiary</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011991" MajorTopicYN="N">Receptors, Virus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D064370" MajorTopicYN="N">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" 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Kastritis</name><name sortKey="Kastritis, Panagiotis L" sort="Kastritis, Panagiotis L" uniqKey="Kastritis P" first="Panagiotis L" last="Kastritis">Panagiotis L. Kastritis</name><name sortKey="Kastritis, Panagiotis L" sort="Kastritis, Panagiotis L" uniqKey="Kastritis P" first="Panagiotis L" last="Kastritis">Panagiotis L. 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